A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America Kindle Edition

I must admit straight away.....I had to put this book down about 60% through out of sheer fatigue. This is my second effort with Ms. Schiff (the other: Cleopatra) and as before I find her work ponderous and labyrinthine. She does have genius for a turn of phrase --weaving in a reference to Strunk and White, for example-- but these flares of wit are far too few for the volume of pages she produces. She needs a really omnivorous editor to follow her around where ever she writes and make a hearty meal of words to reduce this work to something considerably more digestible to the more casual reader. Nonetheless, she does help us appreciate the intrigues of European politics during the American revolution, and my regard for Franklin grows more due to her portrayal. And she adds a factor about Franklin's tenure in Paris that our history books seem to disregard.....to wit, Voltaire's return to Paris in early 1778, and Franklin's shrewd use of the atmosphere these two men create in the salons, and the politics, of France.

Stacy Schiff is one of my favorite living historians. Another is Ron Chernow, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of “Alexander Hamilton.” Here is what Chernow has to say about Schiff: “Even if forced at gunpoint, Stacy Schiff would be incapable of writing a dull page or a lame sentence.”It’s true; Schiff has the unique ability to bring the distant past to life, all to our collective benefit. Compared to Ptolemaic Egypt (“Cleopatra”) or Puritan New England (“Witches”), capturing the pulse of diplomatic life in late eighteenth-century France is a cinch for her.“The Great Improvisation” is a great read. There are many reasons to recommend it. First is Schiff’s wonderful sense of irreverent wit. For instance, when discussing the parade of dubious French officers seeking a commission to fight in America she quips, “The French nobility included a fair number of eight-year-old majors and fourteen-year-old colonels, every one of them burning to be nineteen-year-old generals.” Or when Temple Franklin, Benjamin’s grandson and unofficial secretary in France, got his mistress pregnant, Schiff notes that the unfortunate young woman had born “Franklin’s illegitimate son’s illegitimate son an illegitimate son.”But probably the best reason to recommend “The Great Improvisation” is that it offers a clear window into the machinations of the American delegation in Paris during the War of Independence. Schiff’s core thesis is simple: “France was crucial to American independence, and Franklin was critical to France.” She constructs her delightful narrative around this argument.Schiff calls the American delegation a “great improvisation” for good reason. The inchoate nation in rebellion against the British had no experience at statecraft, little understanding of the recondite procedures required to conduct diplomatic affairs at the courts of European nobility, and no financial credit upon which to draw to equip an army of farmers and mechanics. Congress sent the best tool they had at their disposal: Benjamin Franklin. It was an inspired choice, according to Schiff: “Franklin was a natural diplomat, genial and ruthless… [His] stature was the most the dangerous weapon in the American arsenal.”“The obvious man for the job on one side of the ocean [Franklin],” Schiff writes, “He was the ideal man on the other.” The French adored Franklin from the moment he landed on their shores in November 1776. He embodied everything the French wished America represented: modesty, industry, and virility. He was the tamer of lightning, proof that nature ennobled the gifted. Nevertheless, Franklin was embarking into uncharted waters. “He was inventing American foreign policy from whole cloth,” Schiff says, “teaching himself diplomacy on the job, while serving as his country’s unofficial banker.” Franklin was particularly poorly suited for the latter responsibility, according to Schiff. “By nature Franklin was a streamliner and a simplifier, while everything about the procurement business was baroque and protracted”France may have loved their new American ambassador, but the same cannot be said for Franklin’s fellow American representatives to Europe; almost every other American sent across the Atlantic on a diplomatic mission came to despise him. “The higher Franklin rose in the [French] public pantheon,” Schiff writes, “the lower he sank in the estimation of his colleagues.” Arthur Lee, a Virginian appointed envoy to Prussia and Spain, called Franklin “the most corrupt of all men.” Ralph Izard, a South Carolinian who served as the commissioner to the Court of Tuscany, noted in his diary, “Dr. Franklin was one of the most unprincipled men upon earth: that he was a man of no veracity, no honor, no integrity, as great a villain as ever breathed.” John Adams, the future president and fellow delegate to France, had for Franklin “no other sentiments than contempt or abhorrence...” [he was] “the demon of discord among our ministers, and curse and scourge of our foreign affairs.” His only ally, besides his grandson, was Silas Deane, the Connecticut lawyer originally sent to France as a secret envoy in 1776, who was recalled by Congress in light of allegations of financial impropriety. Indeed, the rancor, backstabbing, and competing personal alliances that Schiff describes makes the American delegation at Valentois outside Versailles sound like a contemporary reality TV show: part Downton Abbey, part Real Housewives of New Jersey.Schiff is far more forgiving of Franklin’s behavior during his nearly decade-long mission to Paris. She believes that the trouble between the commissioners could be chalked up to “miscommunication, misapprehension, and misrepresentation.” Yes, Franklin had a tendency to sleep late, not answer his mail, spend too much time with female admirers, keep poor records, and not share information freely with his co-commissioners, but he was, nevertheless, indispensable to the American mission at the court of Louis XVI. Schiff maintains that the American cause could not have survived without the French – it was “her bedrock, her polestar, her salvation” – and the French alliance may very well never have come off without Franklin. Vergennes, the French Foreign Minister, conceded “[Franklin’s] age and his love of tranquility leave him with an apathy incompatible with his responsibilities,” but defended his position as essential to maintaining strong Franco-American relations.Franklin was never given his proper due for his service abroad, according to Schiff. He returned home under a cloud of suspicion, stoked in Congress by his erstwhile co-delegates, and harbored resentment about his treatment for the rest of his life. It didn’t help that “Massive obscurity reigned in Congress as to how much aid France had extended America, and on what terms,” primarily because Franklin had failed to accurately record many of the transactions. But he was successful in getting the French to back the American cause with loans, weapons, military sundries, and – perhaps most important of all – naval support, without which the revolution would have been doomed. (The one thing the French sent that the Americans had no use for was those 19-year-old French generals.)Like all of Schiff’s books, “The Great Improvisation” is highly recommended: it’s fun, insightful, and educational.

Good book, but a difficult read. The author uses a lot of French words, so if you don't know French and don't like looking up words then you won't like it. This is my 5th non-fiction history read in a row and this is the hardest one to get through. Also, not very exciting, I think it's a bit drawn out for the amount of content revealed. Still, very interesting subject and gave me much insight on how we obtained France's help during the revolution.

In general I found this an interesting biography of Franklin’s years in Paris. It provides many details and discernments into the diplomatic work of Franklin and his colleagues during the 1770s and 80s that I have not found in other works on the American Revolution and the founding fathers.There are, however, weaknesses in this book. First, the writing style is a little unusual for biography. Short caustic and cynical statements judgmental in nature are frequently used when describing personalities or situations. Second, the paragraph structure is cumbersome in many places, which required rereading to understand what was being said. An assertive editor may have been able to address these two issues. Finally, Schiff takes every opportunity to swipe at John Adams and his diplomatic efforts. It is true that Adams often had a trying personality and frequently vented his frustrations about colleagues in his personal writings, but even Franklin recognized Adams’ substantial contributions to their diplomatic work. The constant swipes diminish the value of this book. It’s not necessary to lower John Adams to elevate Benjamin Franklin; Franklin soars on his own.

1776-1788 have long seemed years of providential inspiration, our great experiment in bottom-up democracy led by Jefferson, Madison, Washington, and helped by France, but until now I knew nothing of Franklin in Paris most of those years. Now it is clear that without Franklin, Lafayette would not have gotten a French fleet into Chesapeake bay in 1781, nor would Louis XVI have drained France's treasury for us. Schiff's tale of Franklin's downs and ups extends my ideas of founder inspiration. It also extends my knowledge of founder John Adams as less than saintly hero, more one of many dangers dodged by Franklin, inspired in avoiding confrontations. Schiff documents French and English players in Franklin's drama, including notorious Beaumarchais, creator of Figaro and Count Almaviva, who sandwiched scheming for American independence between his two plays.After fitting Schiff's piece of history together with pieces from past readings, I see Franklin's mission to France as providentially inspired, which of course historian Schiff wouldn't say without historical document.